Showing posts with label HTML Advance. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HTML Advance. Show all posts

Wednesday, May 2, 2012

HTML Advanced tutorial 31 : HTML to XHTML

A website can be converted from HTML to XHTML by applying following 6 simple steps.

1. Add a <!DOCTYPE> : 
Add an XHTML <!DOCTYPE> to the first line of every page.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

2. Add an xmlns Attribute :
Add an xmlns attribute to the html element of every page.

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

3. Change Tags And Attribute Names to Lowercase :
Replace all uppercase tags and attributes with lowercase tags and attributes respectively.

4. Quote All Attribute Values :
In every page, make sure that attribute values are quoted.

5. Close all Empty Tags :
Empty tags are not allowed in XHTML. The <hr> and <br> tags should be replaced with <hr /> and <br/>.

6. Validate XHTML With The W3C Validator :
Before an XHTML file can be validated, a correct DTD must be added as the first line of the file. Validate the document by url here,  http://validator.w3.org/ .
Correct errors if any found.

<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 30 : XHTML Doctypes

HTML Advanced tutorial 30 : XHTML Doctypes

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration refers to a Document Type Definition (DTD). The DTD specifies the rules for the markup language, so that the browsers render the content correctly. XHTML document consists of three main parts, DOCTYPE declaration, the <head> section, and the <body> section. The basic XHTML document consists of following structure.


<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title> title here </title>
</head>


<body>
</body>


</html>

The xmlns attribute in <html>, specifies the xml namespace for a document, and is required in XHTML documents.

Different types of Doctypes :
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is the very first thing in an XHTML document, before the <html> tag. The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not an XHTML tag; it is an instruction to the web browser about what version of the markup language the page is written in.

XHTML 1.0 Strict :
This DTD contains all html elements and attributes, but does not include presentational or deprecated elements e.g font etc. Framesets are not allowed. The markup must also be written as well-formed XML.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

XHTML 1.0 Transitional :
This DTD contains all html elements and attributes, including presentational and deprecated elements. Framesets are not allowed. The markup must also be written as well-formed XML.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

XHTML 1.0 Frameset :
This Document Type is equal to XHTML 1.0 Transitional, but allows the use of frameset content.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">

XHTML 1.1 :
This DTD is equal to XHTML 1.0 Strict, but allows you to add modules, e.g to provide ruby support for East-Asian languages.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

HTML Advanced tutorial 31 : HTML to XHTML  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 29 : XHTML Syntax Rules

HTML Advanced tutorial 29 : XHTML Syntax Rules


While coding in XHTML, we must take care of following rules to avoid any error.

1.) Attribute Names Must Be In Lower Case :

<table WIDTH="100%">                     ( This is wrong way )

<table width="100%">                         ( This is correct way )

2.) Attribute Values Must Be Quoted :

<table width=100%>                           ( This is wrong way )

<table width="100%">                        ( This is correct way )

3.) Attribute Minimization Is Forbidden :

<input checked>                                  ( This is wrong way )
<input readonly>
<input disabled>

<input checked="checked" />               ( This is correct way )
<input readonly="readonly" />
<input disabled="disabled" />

4.) The Lang Attribute :
The lang attribute applies to almost every XHTML element. It specifies the language of the content within an element. If you use the lang attribute in an element, then you must also add the xml:lang attribute. For example

<div lang="en" xml:lang="en">Hello word!</div>

5.) Mandatory XHTML Elements :
Following elements are mendatory, in XHTML documents.

  • DOCTYPE declaration.
  • html, head, title, and body elements.

HTML Advanced tutorial 30 : XHTML Doctypes  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 28 : What is XHTML

Tuesday, May 1, 2012

HTML Advanced tutorial 28 : What is XHTML

XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language. It is almost identical to HTML 4.01. It is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML. It is HTML defined as an XML application. It is Recommended by W3C. It is supported by all major browsers.

The following HTML code does not follow the HTML rules, but it will work fine in a browser.


<html>
<head>
<title>bad page</title>
<body>
<h1>Bad h1 element
<p>This is a paragraph
</body>



New in XHTML :
Following are the few differences in XHTML from HTML.

XHTML Elements Must Be Properly Nested :
In HTML, elements can be improperly nested within each other, for example

<b><i>This text is bold as well as italic</b></i>

While using XHTML, all elements must be properly nested within each other e.g ,

<b><i> This text is bold as well as italic </i></b>

XHTML Elements Must Always Be Closed :
In XHTML, non-empty elements must have a closing tag. For example

<p>This is a paragraph               ( This is wrong way )

<p>This is a paragraph</p>       ( This is correct way )

Empty Elements Must Also Be Closed :
In XHTML, empty elements must also be closed. For example
A line break      

<br>                 ( This is wrong way )         

<br />               ( This is correct way )

An image tag

<img src="img.jpg" alt="image">             ( This is wrong way )

<img src="img.jpg" alt="image" />           ( This is correct )

XHTML Elements Must Be In Lower Case :
In XHTML, tag names and attributes must be in lower case. For example

<BODY>                                              ( This is wrong way )
<P>This is a paragraph</P>
</BODY>



<body>                                                 ( This is correct way )
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body> 


XHTML Documents Must Have One Root Element :
All XHTML elements must be nested within the <html> root element. Child elements must be in pairs and correctly nested within their parent element. Following is the basic document structure used.

<html>
      <head>  



      </head>
     <body> 



     </body>
</html>


HTML Advanced tutorial 29 : XHTML Syntax Rules  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 27 : HTML Language Code

HTML Advanced tutorial 27 : HTML Language Code

The HTML lang attribute can be used to declare the language of a Web page or a portion of a Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers.W3C recommendation assist that, you should declare the primary language for each Web page with the lang attribute inside the <html> tag. For example
<html lang="en">  </html>

while using XHTML, you have to declare language inside the <html> tag in following way.
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">    </html>
Abbreviations :
             Abbreviations for languages defined by ISO 639-1 are as fellow.
Language ISO Code
Abkhazian ab
Afar aa
Afrikaans af
Albanian sq
Amharic am
Arabic ar
Aragonese an
Armenian hy
Assamese as
Aymara ay
Azerbaijani az
Bashkir ba
Basque eu
Bengali (Bangla) bn
Bhutani dz
Bihari bh
Bislama bi
Breton br
Bulgarian bg
Burmese my
Byelorussian (Belarusian) be
Cambodian km
Catalan ca
Chinese (Simplified) zh
Chinese (Traditional) zh
Corsican co
Croatian hr
Czech cs
Danish da
Dutch nl
English en
Esperanto eo
Estonian et
Faeroese fo
Farsi fa
Fiji fj
Finnish fi
French fr
Frisian fy
Galician gl
Gaelic (Scottish) gd
Gaelic (Manx) gv
Georgian ka
German de
Greek el
Greenlandic kl
Guarani gn
Gujarati gu
Haitian Creole ht
Hausa ha
Hebrew he, iw
Hindi hi
Hungarian hu
Icelandic is
Ido io
Indonesian id, in
Interlingua ia
Interlingue ie
Inuktitut iu
Inupiak ik
Irish ga
Italian it
Japanese ja
Javanese jv
Kannada kn
Kashmiri ks
Kazakh kk
Kinyarwanda (Ruanda) rw
Kirghiz ky
Kirundi (Rundi) rn
Korean ko
Kurdish ku
Laothian lo
Latin la
Latvian (Lettish) lv
Limburgish ( Limburger) li
Lingala ln
Lithuanian lt
Macedonian mk
Malagasy mg
Malay ms
Malayalam ml
Maltese mt
Maori mi
Marathi mr
Moldavian mo
Mongolian mn
Nauru na
Nepali ne
Norwegian no
Occitan oc
Oriya or
Oromo (Afan, Galla) om
Pashto (Pushto) ps
Polish pl
Portuguese pt
Punjabi pa
Quechua qu
Rhaeto-Romance rm
Romanian ro
Russian ru
Samoan sm
Sangro sg
Sanskrit sa
Serbian sr
Serbo-Croatian sh
Sesotho st
Setswana tn
Shona sn
Sichuan Yi ii
Sindhi sd
Sinhalese si
Siswati ss
Slovak sk
Slovenian sl
Somali so
Spanish es
Sundanese su
Swahili (Kiswahili) sw
Swedish sv
Tagalog tl
Tajik tg
Tamil ta
Tatar tt
Telugu te
Thai th
Tibetan bo
Tigrinya ti
Tonga to
Tsonga ts
Turkish tr
Turkmen tk
Twi tw
Uighur ug
Ukrainian uk
Urdu ur
Uzbek uz
Vietnamese vi
Volapük vo
Wallon wa
Welsh cy
Wolof wo
Xhosa xh
Yiddish yi, ji
Yoruba yo
Zulu zu

HTML Advanced tutorial 28 : What is XHTML  >> 
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 26 : HTTP Status Messages

Monday, April 30, 2012

HTML Advanced tutorial 26 : HTTP Status Messages

When a browser requests a service from a web server, an error might occur. This kind of error is shown using Status Message. Below a list of HTTP status messages that might be returned from server. These Status Messages are categories into different tables based on their type of responses.

Information :

These types of HTTP Status Message starts with 1xx. Their details are below.

Message: Description:
100 Continue The server has received the request headers, and the client should proceed to send the request body
101 Switching Protocols The requester has asked the server to switch protocols
103 Checkpoint Used in the resumable requests proposal to resume aborted PUT or POST requests

Successful :

These types of HTTP Status Message starts with 2xx. Their details are below.

Message: Description:
200 OK The request is OK. This is the standard response for successful HTTP requests.
201 Created The request has been fulfilled, and a new resource is created 
202 Accepted The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed
203 Non-Authoritative Information The request has been successfully processed, but is returning information that may be from another source
204 No Content The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content
205 Reset Content The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content, and requires that the requester reset the document view
206 Partial Content The server is delivering only part of the resource due to a range header sent by the client

Redirection :

These types of HTTP Status Message starts with 3xx. Their details are below.

Message: Description:
300 Multiple Choices A link list. The user can select a link and go to that location. Maximum five addresses  
301 Moved Permanently The requested page has moved to a new URL 
302 Found The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL 
303 See Other The requested page can be found under a different URL
304 Not Modified Indicates the requested page has not been modified since last requested
306 Switch Proxy No longer used
307 Temporary Redirect The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL
308 Resume Incomplete Used in the resumable requests proposal to resume aborted PUT or POST requests

Client Error :

These types of HTTP Status Message starts with 4xx. Their details are below.

Message: Description:
400 Bad Request The request cannot be fulfilled due to bad syntax
401 Unauthorized The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it. For use when authentication is possible but has failed or not yet been provided
402 Payment Required Reserved for future use
403 Forbidden The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it
404 Not Found The requested page could not be found but may be available again in the future
405 Method Not Allowed A request was made of a page using a request method not supported by that page
406 Not Acceptable The server can only generate a response that is not accepted by the client
407 Proxy Authentication Required The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy
408 Request Timeout The server timed out waiting for the request
409 Conflict The request could not be completed because of a conflict in the request
410 Gone The requested page is no longer available
411 Length Required The "Content-Length" is not defined. The server will not accept the request without it 
412 Precondition Failed The precondition given in the request evaluated to false by the server
413 Request Entity Too Large The server will not accept the request, because the request entity is too large
414 Request-URI Too Long The server will not accept the request, because the URL is too long. Occurs when you convert a POST request to a GET request with a long query information 
415 Unsupported Media Type The server will not accept the request, because the media type is not supported 
416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable The client has asked for a portion of the file, but the server cannot supply that portion
417 Expectation Failed The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field

Server Error :

These types of HTTP Status Message starts with 5xx. Their details are below.

Message: Description:
500 Internal Server Error A generic error message, given when no more specific message is suitable
501 Not Implemented The server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the ability to fulfill the request
502 Bad Gateway The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstream server
503 Service Unavailable The server is currently unavailable (overloaded or down)
504 Gateway Timeout The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream server
505 HTTP Version Not Supported The server does not support the HTTP protocol version used in the request
511 Network Authentication Required The client needs to authenticate to gain network access

HTML Advanced tutorial 27 : HTML Language Code  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 25 : HTML URL Encoding

Saturday, April 28, 2012

HTML Advanced tutorial 25 : HTML URL Encoding

URL encoding converts characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet. Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL. The URL is the address of a web page, e.g http://www.yoursite.com.

URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set. Since URLs often contain characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted into a valid ASCII format. URL encoding replaces non ASCII characters with a "%" followed by two hexadecimal digits. URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a + sign.

URL Encoding Examples

Character            URL-encoding
€                           %80
£                           %A3
©                          %A9
®                          %AE
À                          %C0
Á                          %C1
                          %C2
à                          %C3
Ä                          %C4
Å                          %C5


HTML Advanced tutorial 26 : HTTP Status Messages  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 24 : HTML URL

HTML Advanced tutorial 24 : HTML URL

A URL ( Uniform Resource Locator ) is another word for a web address. A URL can be composed of words,  or an Internet Protocol ( IP ) address. Most people enter the name of the website when surfing, because names are easier to remember than numbers.

When you click on a link in an HTML page, an underlying <a> tag points to an address on the world wide web. A URL is used to address a document (or other data) on the world wide web. A web address, like this, http://www.yoursite.com/html/index.html follows these syntax rules.

scheme://host.domain:port/path/filename


Below is the explanation of terms.

scheme -    defines the type of Internet service. The most common type is http
host -         defines the domain host (the default host for http is www)
domain -    defines the Internet domain name, like yoursite.com
:port -        defines the port number at the host (the default port number for http is 80)
path -        defines a path at the server (If omitted, the document must be stored at the root directory of the web site)
filename -   defines the name of a document/resource

Common URL Schemes
These are lists some common schemes.

http  =  HyperText Transfer Protocol :
Common web pages starts with http://. not encrypted

https  =  Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol:
Secure web pages. All information exchanged are encrypted

ftp  =  File Transfer Protocol:
For downloading or uploading files to a website. Useful for domain maintenance

file:
A file on your computer

HTML Advanced tutorial 25 : HTML URL Encoding  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 23 : HTML Entities

Friday, April 27, 2012

HTML Advanced tutorial 23 : HTML Entities

Some characters are reserved in HTML. It is not possible to use the less than (<) or greater than (>) signs in your text, because the browser will mix them with tags. To actually display reserved characters, we must use character entities in the HTML source code. A character entity may looks like this.
&entity_name;
OR
&#entity_number;
To display a less than sign we must write: &lt; or &#60; The advantage of using an entity name, instead of a number, is that the name is easier to remember. However, the disadvantage is that browsers may not support all entity names (the support for entity numbers is very good).

Non-breaking Space
A common character entity used in HTML is the non-breaking space (&nbsp;). Browsers will always truncate spaces in HTML pages. If you write 10 spaces in your text, the browser will remove 9 of them, before displaying the page. To add spaces to your text, you can use the &nbsp; character entity.

HTML Useful Character Entities

Entity names are case sensitive. Following is list of entity names with their description.

Result Description Entity Name Entity Number
non-breaking space &nbsp; &#160;
< less than &lt; &#60;
> greater than &gt; &#62;
& ampersand &amp; &#38;
¢ cent &cent; &#162;
£ pound &pound; &#163;
¥ yen &yen; &#165;
euro &euro; &#8364;
§ section &sect; &#167;
© copyright &copy; &#169;
® registered trademark &reg; &#174;
trademark &trade; &#8482;

HTML Advanced tutorial 22 : HTML Scripts

HTML script Element
The <script> tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript and JQuery. The script element either contains scripting statements or it points to an external script file through the src attribute. The required type attribute specifies the MIME type of the script. Common uses for JavaScript are image manipulation, form validation, and dynamic changes of content.

For Example

<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("Hello!")
</script>

The script above writes Hello! to the HTML output.

HTML noscript Element
The <noscript> tag is used to provide an alternate content for users that have disabled scripts in their browser or have a browser that doesn’t support client-side scripting. The noscript element can contain all the elements that you can find inside the body element of a normal HTML page.

The content inside the noscript element will only be displayed if scripts are not supported, or are disabled in the user’s browser:

For example

<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("Hello!")
</script>
<noscript>This is not inside Script!</noscript>

HTML Script Tags

Tag                   Description
<script>            Defines a client-side script
<noscript>        Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts

HTML Advanced tutorial 23 : HTML Entities  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 21 : HTML Meta

HTML Advanced tutorial 21 : HTML Meta

Metadata is information about data. The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable.

Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified, and other metadata. The <meta> tag always goes inside the head element. The metadata can be used by browsers (how to display content or reload page), search engines (keywords), or other web services.

Keywords for Search Engines
Some search engines will use the name and content attributes of the meta element to index your pages. The following meta element defines a description of a page:

<meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML" />

The following meta element defines keywords for a page.

<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, XML" />

The intention of the name and content attributes is to describe the content of a page.

HTML Advanced tutorial 22 : HTML Scripts  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 20 : HTML head Elements

Friday, April 20, 2012

HTML Advanced tutorial 20 : HTML head Elements

The head element is a container for all the head elements. Elements inside <head> can include scripts, instruct the browser where to find style sheets, provide meta information, and more. The following tags can be added to the head section

 <title>, <base>, <link>, <meta>, <script>, and <style>.

title Element
The <title> tag defines the title of the document. The title element is required in all HTML/XHTML documents. The title element
1). defines a title in the browser toolbar
2). provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites
3). displays a title for the page in search-engine results
For example,below is simplified HTML document.

<html>
<head>
<title>Title Here</title>
</head>
<body>
content Here.
</body>
</html>

base Element
The <base> tag specifies a default address or a default target for all links on a page. For example

<head>
<base href="http://www.yoursite.com/images/" />
<base target="_blank" />
</head>

link Element
The <link> tag defines the relationship between a document and an external resource. The <link> tag is most used to link to style sheets. For example

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystylefile.css" />
</head>

style Element
The <style> tag is used to define style information for an HTML document.Inside the style element you specify how HTML elements should render in a browser:

<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color:yellow}
p {color:blue}
</style>
</head>

The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document.

The <script> tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript.

HTML head Elements

Tag                Description
<head>           Defines information about the document
<title>             Defines the title of a document
<base />         Defines a default address or a default target for all links on a page
<link />           Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource
<meta />         Defines metadata about an HTML document
<script>          Defines a client-side script
<style>           Defines style information for a document

HTML Advanced tutorial 21 : HTML Meta  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 19 : HTML Styles

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

HTML Advanced tutorial 19 : HTML Styles

When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document according to it. There are three ways of inserting a style sheet.

  • External style sheet
  • Internal style sheet
  • Inline styles

External Style Sheet
An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the <head> section:

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="file.css" />
</head>

Internal Style Sheet
An internal style sheet can be used if one single document has a unique style. Internal styles are defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this.

<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color:black;}
p {color:red;}
</style>
</head>

Inline Styles
An inline style can be used if a unique style is to be applied to one single occurrence of an element. To use inline styles, use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. For example.

<p style="color:red;margin-left:10px;">some paragraph.</p>

HTML Style Tags

Tag           Description
<style>   Defines style information for a document
<link />   Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource

HTML Advanced tutorial 20 : HTML head Elements  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 18 : HTML Doctypes

HTML Advanced tutorial 18 : HTML Doctypes

A doctype declaration refers to the rules for the markup language, so that the browsers render the content correctly. For example

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
The content of Page here.
</body>
</html>

The above HTML document contains doctype of HTML 4.01 Transitional:

Different Doctypes
The doctype declaration is not an HTML tag, it is an instruction to the web browser about what version of the markup language the page is written in. The doctype declaration refers to a Document Type Definition (DTD). The DTD specifies the rules for the markup language, so that the browsers render the content correctly. The doctype declaration should be the very first thing in an HTML document, before the <html> tag. Always add a doctype to your pages. This helps the browsers to render the page correctly!

HTML 4.01 Strict
This DTD contains all HTML elements and attributes, but does NOT INCLUDE presentational or deprecated elements e.g font and center etc. Framesets are not allowed in this Doctype. For example

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">


HTML 4.01 Transitional
This DTD contains all HTML elements and attributes, INCLUDING presentational and deprecated elements e.g font etc. Framesets are not allowed.

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

HTML 4.01 Frameset
This DTD is equal to HTML 4.01 Transitional, but allows the use of frameset content.

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">

HTML DOCTYPE Element

Tag                     Description
<!DOCTYPE>     Defines the document type. This declaration goes before the <html> start tag

HTML Advanced tutorial 19 : HTML Styles  >>
<<  HTML Advanced tutorial 17 : HTML Layouts

Tuesday, April 17, 2012

HTML Advanced tutorial 17 : HTML Layouts

Website Layouts
Web page layout is very important to make your website look good.  Most websites have put their content in multiple columns For Example formatted like a magazine or newspaper. Multiple columns are created by using <table> or <div> tags. Some CSS are normally also added to position elements, or to create backgrounds or colorful look for the pages.

Using Tables
The simplest way of creating layouts is by using the HTML <table> tag. The following example uses a table with 3 rows and 2 columns - the first and last row spans both columns using the colspan attribute:

<html>
<body>
<table width="450" border="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color:Red;">
<h1>Header of Web Page</h1>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="background-color:#FFD800;width:110px;text-align:top;">
<b>Menu Here</b>
</td>
<td style="background-color:#EEEEEE;height:220px;width:410px;text-align:top;">
Web content goes here</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;text-align:center;">
Copyright © 2012 yoursite.com</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

The HTML code above will produce the following result.

Header of Web Page

Menu Here Web content goes here
Copyright © 2012 yoursite.com

Using Div Elements
The div element is a block level element used for grouping HTML elements. The following example uses five div elements to create a multiple column layout, creating the same result as in the previous (using table tag) example.

<html>
<body>
<div id="container" style="width:500px">
<div id="header" style="background-color:Red;">
<h1 style="margin-bottom:0;">Header of Web Page</h1></div>
<div id="menu" style="background-color:#FFD800;height:200px;width:110px;float:left;">
<b>Menu</b>
</div>
<div id="content" style="background-color:#EEEEEE;height:220px;width:410px;float:left;">
Web content goes here</div>
<div id="footer" style="background-color:#FFA500;clear:both;text-align:center;">
Copyright © 2011 yoursite.com</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

The HTML code above will produce the following result.
Web content goes here

The biggest advantage of using CSS is that, if you place the CSS code in an external style sheet, your site becomes MUCH EASIER to maintain. You can change the layout of all your pages by editing one file.


HTML Layout Tags

Tag Description
<table> Defines a table
<div> Defines a section in a document

HTML Advanced tutorial 18 : HTML Doctypes  >>
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